The FAO classifies trans-boundary disease into three further categories.
First, there are those diseases of strategic importance, such as rinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). While other trans-boundary diseases such as Rift Valley fever, lumpy skin disease and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) are viewed as requiring tactical attention by the nations or international governing bodies involved. Diseases in both of these groups, however, have the ability to disrupt trade.
Within the final category are diseases which are considered as either emerging or evolving. This classification is for diseases which have not occurred before or have changed in nature with regard to symptoms or spread. As such, the OIE (2004) define an emerging disease as follows:
[emerging disease is]…a new infection resulting from the evolution or change of an existing pathogen or parasite resulting in a change of host range, vector, pathogenicity or strain; or the occurrence of a previously unrecognized infection or disease…
Conversely, an evolving or re-emerging disease, is already recognized but may have altered in its prevalence or geographic area.
|
| |
| Important Trans-Boundary Diseases of Small Ruminants |
There are a number of particularly important epidemic diseases of small ruminants (seep and goats). These are listed below, and described on the linked pages.
|
|
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) |
Technical Diseases Cards
The OIE technical diseases cards, available on the OIE web site contain, basic technical information on the causative agent, the epidemiology of the disease, its diagnosis, prevention and control.
By clicking on the links next to the following disease names, the User can be forwarded to the OIE disease cards on the trans-boundary diseases of sheep and goats.
 |
FMD:
Foot and Mouth Disease |
|
|
Blue Tongue |
|
|
Sheep and Goat Pox |
|
|
OIE
The World Organisation for Animal Health
(OIE, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale, or Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal)
is an intergovernmental organization created by International Agreement on 25 January 1924, signed by 28 countries.
In May 2004, the OIE totaled 167 Member Countries.
Each member country undertakes to report the animal diseases that it detects on its territory. The OIE then disseminates the information to other countries, which can take the necessary preventive action. This information also includes diseases transmissible to humans and intentional introduction of pathogens. Information is sent out immediately or periodically depending on the seriousness of the disease. This objective applies to disease occurrences both naturally occurring and deliberately caused. Dissemination is via the OIE Web site, e-mail and the following periodicals:
< back |
|
|
|
| References and Further Reading |
|
|
Ewald, P.W. (1996). Guarding Against the Most Dangerous Emerging Pathogens: Insights from Evolutionary Biology. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2:245-256.
|
|
 |
| Kusiluka, L.J.M. and Kambarage, D.M. (1996). Diseases of Small Ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Handbook. Animal Health Programme, Overseas Development Administration, and VETAID. |
|
|
| OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) web site |
|
|
| Paskin, R. (1999). Manual on Livestock Disease and Surveillance and Information Systems. Manual on Animal Health and Disease No. 8, FAO, Rome . |
 |
|
| Thiermann, A. (2004). Emerging diseases and implications for global trade. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2004, 23 (2), 701-708. |
|
|
Vallat (2004). Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. Editorials from the Director General. OIE. World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int/
|
|
|
|
